What are Aristotle's 10 categories?

What are Aristotle's 10 categories?

Aristotle posits 10 categories of existing things: substance, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, position, doing, having, and being affected. Each of these terms was defined by Aristotle in pretty much the same way we would define it today, the one exception being substance.

What is Kant's universal law?

The Formula of the Universal Law of Nature. Kant's first formulation of the CI states that you are to “act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law” (G 4:421). ... If your maxim passes all four steps, only then is acting on it morally permissible.

What is Kant's philosophy called?

transcendental idealism

What is Kant's reason and will?

Roughly speaking, we can divide the world into beings with reason and will like ourselves and things that lack those faculties. ... Moral actions, for Kant, are actions where reason leads, rather than follows, and actions where we must take other beings that act according to their own conception of the law into account.

What is Kant's deontological theory?

Deontology is an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong. Deontology is often associated with philosopher Immanuel Kant. Kant believed that ethical actions follow universal moral laws, such as “Don't lie. Don't steal.

What is the highest good According to Kant?

The idea of a final end of human conduct – the highest good – plays an important role in Kant's philosophy. Unlike his predecessors Kant defines the highest good as a combination of two heterogeneous elements, namely virtue and happiness.

What is Kant's categorical imperative quizlet?

The categorical imperative is the idea that you do something because it is your moral commands, and you are told to do them and they are not dependant on anything else. Kant said it will show if an action is being judged with pure reason.

What is the basic idea of Kant's categorical imperative?

Kant's ethics are organized around the notion of a “categorical imperative,” which is a universal ethical principle stating that one should always respect the humanity in others, and that one should only act in accordance with rules that could hold for everyone.

What is the categorical imperative in simple terms?

The categorical imperative is something that a person must do, no matter what the circumstances. It is imperative to an ethical person that they make choices based on the categorical imperative. Another way of saying that, is that an ethical person follows a "universal law" regardless of their situation.

What are the three formulations of the Categorical Imperative quizlet?

Terms in this set (6)

• 1st Formulation: 'I should never act in such a way...' ...
• 2nd Formulation: 'Act in such a way that you always treat humanity...' ...
• 3rd Formulation: 'Every being must so act as if he were through his maxim...' ...
• 1st Formulation: ...
• 2nd Formulation: ...
• 3rd Formulation:

Which of the following is the clearest example of a Macroethical issue?

Which of the following is the clearest example of a macroethical issue? Balancing risks and benefits from nanotechnology research.

What is the second formulation of the categorical imperative quizlet?

2) The second formulation of the categorical imperative is called the Formula of the End in Itself: "Act in such a way that you always treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end."

How does Kant formulate the categorical imperative?

The Categorical Imperative is devised by Kant to provide a formulation by which we can apply our human reason to determine the right, the rational thing to do -- that is our duty. For Kant the basis for a Theory of the Good lies in the intention or the will. ... The only thing GOOD about the act is the WILL, the GOOD WILL.

What are Kant's two categorical imperatives?

Kant claims that the first formulation lays out the objective conditions on the categorical imperative: that it be universal in form and thus capable of becoming a law of nature. Likewise, the second formulation lays out subjective conditions: that there be certain ends in themselves, namely rational beings as such.

What is a utilitarianism?

Utilitarianism is a theory of morality, which advocates actions that foster happiness or pleasure and opposes actions that cause unhappiness or harm. ... Utilitarianism would say that an action is right if it results in the happiness of the greatest number of people in a society or a group.

How many categorical imperatives are there?

one categorical imperative

What is kantianism vs utilitarianism?

Kantianism and utilitarianism have different ways for determining whether an act we do is right or wrong. According to Kant, we should look at our maxims, or intentions, of the particular action. ... On the other hand, Utilitarians believe that we should do actions that produce the greatest amount of happiness.

What is the formula of universal law?

The formula of universal law therefore says that you should should only act for those reasons which have the following characteristic: you can act for that reason while at the same time willing that it be a universal law that everyone adopt that reason for acting.

Which of the following is the best example of categorical imperative?

Which of the following is the best example of the categorical imperative? The only proper context for sex given its nature is as part of a committed personal relation. Knowing myself, I will only feel good about sex with someone with whom I am in love so that is what I should guide my decisions by.

What is categorical moral reasoning?

Categorical Moral Reasoning- locates morality in certain duties and rights—regardless of the consequences. ... To put it simply, there are certain things that are categorically wrong even if they bring about a good result.

What is the difference between perfect duty and imperfect duty?

For Mill, the distinction drawn between perfect and imperfect duties such that the former is enforceable but the latter is not issues from the fact that a person's perfect duties directly correspond to other particular persons' rights, whereas a person's imperfect duties do not match up with another particular person's ...

Is lying a categorical imperative?

So, if you willed that such a maxim (of lying) should become a universal law, then you would thwart your goal - thus, it is impermissible to lie, according to the categorical imperative. It is impermissible because the only way to lie is to make an exception for yourself.