How do you test for Yersinia?

How do you test for Yersinia?

Yersiniosis usually is diagnosed by detecting the organism in the stool of an infected person. Many laboratories do not routinely test for Yersinia, so it is important to notify laboratory personnel when yersiniosis is suspected so that special tests can be done.

Is Yersinia oxidase positive or negative?

Yersinia grows on MacConkey agar, is catalase positive, oxidase negative, and ferments glucose. Most Yersinia species are noncapsulated except Y.

Is Yersinia urease positive?

Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative, non- lactose fermenting, urease-positive bacillus which is the causal organism of diarrhoeal illness and an appendicitis-like syndrome in man.

How is Yersinia enterocolitica diagnosed?

The following tests can be used in the diagnosis of Y enterocolitica infection:

1. Stool culture - This is the best way to confirm a diagnosis of Y enterocolitica [2, 3] ; the culture result is usually positive within 2 weeks of onset of disease.
2. Tube agglutination.
3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
4. Radioimmunoassays.

What are the symptoms of Yersiniosis?

Signs and Symptoms Symptoms of yersiniosis appear 4–7 days after exposure and can last up to 3 weeks. They include fever, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. Sometimes, older kids also get pain in the lower right side of the abdomen, which can mimic appendicitis.

Where is Yersiniosis most common?

Yersinia are hardy bacteria that can survive in adverse conditions like refrigeration and environments low in oxygen. The most common source of Y. enterocolitica infection in humans is pork (raw or undercooked) and pigs are considered the main carrier.

How do you get rid of Yersinia enterocolitica?

What is the best treatment? Fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choice for Y. enterocolitica infections, based on clinical observations and in vitro antimicrobial resistance studies. Third generation cephalosporins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and aminoglycosides also appear to be clinically effective.

What are the steps for prevention of Yersinia enterocolitica?

Avoid eating raw or undercooked pork. Thoroughly cook raw meat and poultry to destroy the bacteria. Meat, poultry, pork, and hamburgers should be cooked until they are no longer pink in the middle. Defrost food in the refrigerator, in cold water, or in the microwave.

Which of the culture media listed is selective for the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica in stool samples?

A new differential and selective medium, DYS agar, was developed and evaluated from the isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica.

Who discovered Yersinia enterocolitica?

Alexandre Yersin

Is Yersinia pestis harmful or helpful?

As Yersinia pestis can be easily obtained and cultured and is highly pathogenic for humans, it poses a serious threat of being used for bioterrorism purposes. Artificially created aerosol containing plague bacilli can cause numerous and almost simultaneous cases of primary pulmonic plague in an exposed population.

What does Yersinia enterocolitica do?

Yersiniosis is an infection caused most often by eating raw or undercooked pork contaminated with Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria. CDC estimates Y. enterocolitica causes almost 117,000 illnesses, 640 hospitalizations, and 35 deaths in the United States every year.

Is Yersinia motile?

Yersinia pestis is nonmotile. Other species are nonmotile at 98.

Is Yersinia beta hemolytic?

Yersinia enterocolitica colonies on blood agar. ... Colonies are convex, smooth, without beta-hemolysis. In comparison with other Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., K.

Does Yersinia pestis have Pili?

pestis belong to the FGS subfamily that assembles rigid, rod-like adhesive pili. In agreement with this, Y. pestis was shown to express pilus fibers distinct from the F1 capsule and pH 6 antigen (60).

How does the bubonic plague affect the immune system?

Yersinia pestis, the deadly bacterium that causes bubonic plague, kills by cutting off a cell's ability to communicate with other immune system cells needed to fight off the bacterial invasion.

Does Yersinia pestis have Fimbriae?

The pH 6 antigen (Psa) of Yersinia pestis consists of fimbriae that bind to two receptors: β1-linked galactosyl residues in glycosphingolipids and the phosphocholine group in phospholipids.

Is Yersinia aerobic or anaerobic?

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is a pleomorphic, gram negative coccobacillus in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is an aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and facultatively intracellular pathogen.

Is Klebsiella pneumoniae beta hemolytic?

Colonies are without hemolysis but many strains isolated from infections are beta-hemolytic. Fig. 9 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Non-hemolytic (gamma-hemolytic), mucous colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae on blood agar.